Depression is treated by various methods by a psychiatrist. For patients who have had proper referral from a psychiatrist and meet criteria (including being adults, having failed over 4 depression medications, agreeable to the terms of surgical treatment, etc. as outlined by Cyberonics, Inc.), the neurosurgical option of vagus nerve stimulation offers hope for about 1 in 3 patients. FDA-approved recently, the first patient was treated by us in the United States after FDA-approval, and has improved significantly. Although helping one-third initially, there is some data to suggest that more improvement may occur after a longer time.